In obstetrics, which is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

In obstetrics, which is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

• A. Fetal heart sounds
• B. Chadwick sign
• C. Amenorrhea
• D. Goodell sign

Answer: (C)

Presumptive signs are clues the woman reports or feels that suggest pregnancy, but they can be caused by other conditions as well. Absence of menstruation is the classic presumptive sign because many women notice they have missed a period early in pregnancy, though it can also occur with stress, hormonal imbalances, or other factors. Fetal heart sounds, if heard, are not presumptive but a positive sign that confirms pregnancy. Chadwick sign and Goodell sign are cervical/vaginal changes seen in pregnancy and are considered probable signs—they support the likelihood of pregnancy but are not definitive on their own.

Presumptive signs are clues the woman reports or feels that suggest pregnancy, but they can be caused by other conditions as well. Absence of menstruation is the classic presumptive sign because many women notice they have missed a period early in pregnancy, though it can also occur with stress, hormonal imbalances, or other factors.

Fetal heart sounds, if heard, are not presumptive but a positive sign that confirms pregnancy. Chadwick sign and Goodell sign are cervical/vaginal changes seen in pregnancy and are considered probable signs—they support the likelihood of pregnancy but are not definitive on their own.